Cylinder 12 Misfire Detected
The P0312 code means the vehicle's onboard diagnostic system has detected: Cylinder 12 Misfire Detected. This is a critical severity code.
- Keep driving?
- Short distances only
- DIY difficulty
- moderate
- Estimated cost
- $100 - $800 (parts and labor)
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Read and clear misfire codes. Shows which cylinder is misfiring so you know exactly what to replace.
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Common Symptoms
- Engine misfire on cylinder 12
- Rough idle and vibration
- Check Engine Light flashing
- Reduced power output
- Unburned fuel smell from exhaust
Probable Causes (Ranked by Likelihood)
- Faulty spark plug or ignition coil on cylinder 12 Very High
- Fuel injector failure on cylinder 12 High
- Low compression in cylinder 12 Moderate
- Vacuum leak near cylinder 12 intake Moderate
- Valve train or timing issue on cylinder 12 Low
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I drive with code P0312?
You can drive short distances with a steady Check Engine Light. If flashing, pull over immediately to prevent catalytic converter damage.
Is cylinder 12 always the last cylinder?
Yes. On V12 engines, cylinder 12 is the last cylinder, typically located at the rear of one bank. It is often the hardest to access due to its proximity to the firewall.
Can I fix a V12 misfire myself?
If you can access the cylinder, replacing a spark plug or ignition coil is a straightforward DIY task. However, V12 engine bays are very tight, and some cylinders may require significant disassembly to reach.
What actually makes the computer set a misfire code?
The OBD II regulation defines two separate misfire thresholds (Title 13 CCR 1968.2, section (e)(3.2)). One is misfire severe enough to damage the catalyst, evaluated in 200-revolution increments — and where the damaging rate would be under five percent, the manufacturer may simply set the limit at five percent. The other is misfire causing emissions to exceed 1.5 times the FTP standards. That is why a flashing light (catalyst-damage rate) means stop driving while a steady light for the same code does not. This is the threshold the monitor is designed around, not a description of your specific fault — the regulation says what the system must detect, not how to find it on your vehicle.
Mechanics Guide Step-by-step diagnosis
Step-by-Step Diagnostic Procedure
-
Inspect and replace spark plug on cylinder 12 -- check gap and condition
-
Swap ignition coil from cylinder 12 with another cylinder and clear codes to retest
-
Test fuel injector resistance and pulse signal with a noid light
-
Perform a compression test on cylinder 12 -- compare to adjacent cylinders
-
Check for vacuum leaks around cylinder 12 intake using a smoke machine
Sources 2
This page is built from documented references. Verify against your own service info before repair work.
- California Code of Regulations, Title 13 section 1968.2 (OBD II)malfunction criteria, section (e)
- SAE J2012Diagnostic Trouble Code Definitions (defines the generic OBD-II code ranges)
Commonly Affected Vehicles
- 2005-2018 Ferrari 599/F12 V12
- 2006-2017 Mercedes-Benz S600 V12
- 2004-2016 BMW 760Li V12
- 2008-2019 Aston Martin DB9 V12
- 2007-2018 Lamborghini Aventador V12
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